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Educational Portfolio
University of Kansas

Master of Science in Education in Curriculum & Instruction-- Reading Education

TECHNOLOGY

The E-Book Final Project included the creation of a non-fiction, informational text book with research and theoretical considerations made.

Image by Ales Nesetril

TECHNOLOGY

Artifact Description

The E-Book Final Project was a two-step application of research to create a digital E-Book for emergent readers. The goal of this project was to identify a group of emergent readers based on research from Ehri & McCormick (1998) and others and create a digital E-Book intended to teach them reading skills on their independent reading level. This E-Book was supposed to be easy enough for students to read independently, but challenging enough for them to grow and develop their fluency, vocabulary, and comprehension techniques. Instructional considerations and Common Core State Standards were also to be implemented into the creation of this digital E-Book. In terms of criteria for creation, considerations of research and standards were aligned to the following features: print features, word recognition, fluency, vocabulary, and comprehension. This artifact includes every aspect of the considerations made for the creation of the E-Book, as well as the link to the book itself.


The first step of this process was to identify an audience for the book that would be created. The book was intended to be independent, in other words, the student should be able to read the book and function well enough in it that they would not need support. Since this was the case, many instructional recommendations and research articles had to be analyzed to develop a book that would holistically be appealing and manageable by a targeted group of emergent readers. The first consideration made was the age range of students that would read this book. Considering that readers vary in their reading readiness regardless of their specific age, I targeted the range of 8-10 years old, specifically focusing on the average reading level of a third grade student. Variance between what is considered average, though, tends to be ambiguous, thus other considerations had to be made to develop the inclusiveness of this book. Research regarding specific word recognition was leveraged to develop ideas surrounding fluency, vocabulary, and comprehension. Among this research, Ehri & McCormick (1998) highlight “phases of word learning” that also informed the creation of this project. The culmination of student characteristics and research were used as a platform for guiding the creation of the E-Book. These considerations were critical for engaging students with material that would be on their grade level and benefit them in terms of reading development.


This artifact contains the considerations and research used to develop and create an E-Book for emergent readers. The content within shows examples and research considerations concerning the different characteristics necessary for its creation. Visual manipulatives, book and text features, fluency, comprehension, vocabulary, and word recognition ability were all critical in the development of this project. Being that these are vital characteristics for reading and language development, it was truly necessary to consider research implications that would align to each. This artifact shows the considerations made at creating an E-Book for emergent readers that would facilitate their learning. The book was created to be for the average reading third grade student; however, it should still be functional on an individualized level.

TECHNOLOGY

Artifact Rationale

The artifact selected was one of my first real opportunities as an educator to create something technologically that would be of benefit to my students. Although technology is a huge part of my students’ everyday experiences, I am not always given the opportunity to create original forms of literature, specifically tailored to meet the needs of my students by using technology. Learning Outcome 1E: Technology, asks for students to be engaged with an opportunity to learn outside of regular context using technology as a method of interaction. This artifact is the application of research to construct an interactive E-Book that students would be able to read independently. This book provides students with a unique opportunity to engage with a book using interactive technology and book features that allow students to develop critical reading skills. The description of research and use of technology to foster learning are why I believe this artifact is thoroughly aligned with the learning outcome.


Inclusion of this artifact in the portfolio was critical in showcasing my ability to develop an engaging technological tool that draws upon different research implications and considerations. The research involved in the creation of this digital book was arguably the most critical stage of the process. These considerations allowed me to construct a book that would be rigorous enough to promote growth but accessible enough to allow emergent readers to get through it on their own. Once these considerations were made, it was up to me to determine the best way to write the book on an engaging level, using facts without plagiarizing, and develop features within the book that would keep the student interested.


The book utilizes a variety of resources within the form of an e-book. The students are able to click links within the e-book that will guide them to the online glossary, interact with captions, and have certain sections read to them. Additionally, students are prompted by coaches within the text that guide them through comprehension questions and other strategies built into the book. This book is an interactive and technology-fueled creation that is engaging to students on many terms.


This book was created using research from different authors on a variety of different book characteristics and strategies. As stated before, these considerations were of the utmost importance at the creation of the e-book. Word recognition, fluency, vocabulary, and comprehension were among the most important considerations made to construct this book. To consider the types of words that should be utilized within the book, the target audience had to be analyzed for their ability to decode and recognize words automatically. For this reason, Ehri and McCormick (1998) were critical in attaining a sense of what should be included in a book on these students’ level, specifically in terms of their “phase of word learning” (Ehri & McCormick). Recommendations made by these authors allowed me to understand the importance of certain vocabulary and how students would be able to learn new words. These considerations allowed me to develop student vocabulary in context.


Applegate and Modla (2009) make more considerations in terms of the relationship between fluency techniques and comprehension. Since the book was online, fluency is difficult to manage; however, these researchers recommended that fluency and comprehension strategies are used in conjunction with one another. Thus, many comprehension strategies were used within the text that aided in the development of student fluency and automaticity.


Brabham et al. (2012), on the other hand, made strong recommendations for the inclusion of vocabulary. These authors recommended that students are exposed to words that they can utilize among many contexts, which allowed me to include critical vocabulary words that students would see across academic, social, and potentially political contexts. In relation to this sort of content fluidity, comprehension strategies recommended by Harvey and Goudvis (2013) were very similar to those of Brabham et al. (2012). Harvey and Goudvis (2013)’s work, though, focused specifically on comprehension. The suggestions made were for students to be exposed to “strategic” comprehension methods that could be used with contextual differentiation. For this reason, many of the questions asked within the text were worded to be similar to other questions that could be asked about a book. These research implications were vital to the success of creating this digital book. This artifact successfully aligns with Learning Outcome 1E: Technology for many reasons. The first is that the inclusion of research in the creation of academic content is ultimately the backbone of solid creation.


This artifact aligns specifically with the learning outcome, though, not because of the research itself, but because of how the technology tool built upon the research to advance the learning opportunities of students. Research was used to construct an E-Book with many different features, allowing students to utilize it wherever they have technological access. The culmination of technology with the use of research is why this artifact aligns with the learning outcome.

REFERENCES

Applegate, M. D., Applegate, A. J., & Modla, V. B. (2009). “She’s my best reader; She just 

can’t comprehend”: Studying the relationship between fluency and 

comprehension. The Reading Teacher, 62(6), 512-521.



Brabham, E., Buskist, C., Henderson, S. C., Paleologos, T., & Baugh, N. (2012). Flooding vocabulary gaps to accelerate word learning. The Reading Teacher, 65(8), 523-533.



Ehri, L. C., & McCormick, S. (1998). Phases of word learning: Implications for instruction 

with delayed and disabled readers. Reading & Writing Quarterly: Overcoming 14(2). 



Harvey, S., & Goudvis, A. (2013). Comprehension at the core. The Reading Teacher, 

66(6), 432-439.


Learning Difficulties, 14(2), 135-163. Juel, C., & Minden-Cupp, C. (2000). Learning to 

read words: Linguistic units and instructional strategies. Reading Research Quarterly, 35(4), 458-492.



N., & C. (2010/2018). Common Core State Standards English Language Arts. Washington D.C.: National Governors Association Center for Best Practices, Council of Chief State School Officers.


Naranjo-Bock, C. (2011) Effective Use of Typography in Applications for Children. Retrieved: 

28.04.2014, from http://www.uxmatters.com/mt/archives/2011/06/ 

effective-use-of-typography-in-applications-forchildren-3.php

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